Building
Energy Standards and Codes (BESC)
Building
energy standards and codes (BESC) provide a degree of control over building
design practices and encourage awareness of energy conscious design in
building. A clear understanding of the energy policy and relevant
BESC is essential for architects and building designers to achieve optimal
energy efficient building design.
In order to examine the characteristics
of building energy standards and the factors affecting their development,
research studies have been carried out to investigate the building energy
standards in Hong Kong and Mainland China. Efforts have also been
made to promote a better understanding of the considerations to develop
building energy codes in these places. Experience and technology
from other countries have been analysed to distill useful information for
enhancing the future development of the energy standards.
Brief information about the
building energy standards are provided below.
Building
energy standards, codes, regulations and guidelines developed in Hong Kong
in the past few years include:
-
Building (Energy Efficiency)
Regulation
-
Hong Kong
Government, 1995. Building (Energy Efficiency) Regulation, Cap.
123 sub. Leg. M (L.N. 144 of 1995), Government Printer, Hong Kong. [online]
-
OTTV Standard
-
Building Authority, 1995. Code
of Practice for Overall Thermal Transfer Value in Buildings 1995, Building
Authority, Hong Kong. [HK
693.832 C66] [online]
-
Revised OTTV limits and submission
requirements:
-
Building Energy Codes (on Building
Services) [PDF
versions from EMSD]
-
EMSD, 2000. Code of Practice
for Energy Efficiency of Lift and Escalator Installations, 2000 edition,
Electrical and Mechanical Services Department (EMSD), the Government of
the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong. [HKP
621.877 C66 H]
-
EMSD, 1999. Code of Practice
for Energy Efficiency of Electrical Installations, 1998 edition, Electrical
and Mechanical Services Department (EMSD), the Government of the Hong Kong
Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong. [HKP
333.793216 H77] [online]
-
EMSD, 1998. Code of Practice
for Energy Efficiency of Air Conditioning Installations, 1998 edition,
Electrical and Mechanical Services Department (EMSD), the Government of
the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong. [HKP
697.93 C66] [online] (Addendum
2002)
-
EMSD, 1998. Code of Practice
for Energy Efficiency of Lighting Installations, 1998 edition, Electrical
and Mechanical Services Department (EMSD), the Government of the Hong Kong
Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong. [HKP
621.322 C66] [online] (Addendum
2002)
-
Guidelines (on Building Services)
[PDF
versions from EMSD]
-
EMSD, 2001. Guidelines on
Energy Efficiency of Lift and Escalator Installations, 2000 edition,
Electrical and Mechanical Services Department (EMSD), the Government of
the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong. [HKP
621.877 G94]
-
EMSD, 1999. Guidelines on
Energy Efficiency of Electrical Installations, 1999 edition, Electrical
and Mechanical Services Department (EMSD), the Government of the Hong Kong
Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong. [HKP
333.793216 G94] [online]
-
EMSD, 1998. Guidelines on
Energy Efficiency of Air Conditioning Installations, 1998 edition,
Electrical and Mechanical Services Department (EMSD), the Government of
the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong. [HKP
697.93 H77] [online]
-
EMSD, 1998. Guidelines on
Energy Efficiency of Lighting Installations, 1998 edition, Electrical
and Mechanical Services Department (EMSD), the Government of the Hong Kong
Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong. [HKP
621.322 G94] [online]
Copies of the building energy
codes can be downloaded from EMSD's website or purchased from the
Government
Publication Office of Hong Kong.
Other related activities to
energy efficiency are summarised below:
Typical energy consumption
patterns in buildings:
-
Primary energy consumed in office
building (data from Japan) [Source: Technology & Architectural Design
Data Collection vol.10, Architectural Institute of Japan.]:
Web Links:
Construction
standards in Mainland China that are related to building energy efficiency
have been studied and they include the followings. These standards can
be purchased from the China Architecture & Building Press at URL: www.china-building.com.cn.
-
Energy conservation design standards:
-
Design Standard for Energy
Efficiency of Residential Buildings in Hot Summer and Cold Winter Zone,
JGJ 134-2001, Industrial Standard of PRC, China Architecture &
Building Press, Beijing. (¡m®L¼ö¥V§N¦a°Ï©~¦í«Ø¿v¸`¯à³]p¼Ð·Ç
JGJ 134-2001¡n¡A¤¤µØ¤H¥Á¦@©M°ê¦æ·~¼Ð·Ç¡A¤¤°ê«Ø¿v¤u·~¥Xª©ªÀ¡A¥_¨Ê¡A2001¡C)
-
Standard for Energy Efficiency
Inspection of Heating Residential Buildings, JGJ 132-2001, Industrial
Standard of PRC, China Architecture & Building Press, Beijing. (¡m±Ä·x©~¦í«Ø¿v¸`¯àÀËÅç¼Ð·Ç
JGJ 132-2001¡n¡A¤¤µØ¤H¥Á¦@©M°ê¦æ·~¼Ð·Ç¡A¤¤°ê«Ø¿v¤u·~¥Xª©ªÀ¡A¥_¨Ê¡A2001¡C)
-
Technical Code for Renovation
of Existing Heating Residential Buildings, JGJ 129-2000, Industrial Standard
of PRC, China Architecture & Building Press, Beijing. (¡m¬J¦³±Ä·x©~¦í«Ø¿v¸`¯à§ï³y§Þ³N³Wµ{
JGJ 129-2000¡n¡A¤¤µØ¤H¥Á¦@©M°ê¦æ·~¼Ð·Ç¡A¤¤°ê«Ø¿v¤u·~¥Xª©ªÀ¡A¥_¨Ê¡A2001¡C)
-
Energy Conservation Design
Standard for New Heating Residential Buildings, JGJ 26-95, Industrial
Standard of PRC, China Architecture & Building Press, Beijing. (¡m¥Á¥Î«Ø¿v¸`¯à³]p¼Ð·Ç(±Ä·x©~¦í«Ø¿v³¡¥÷)
JGJ 26-95¡n¡A¤¤µØ¤H¥Á¦@©M°ê¦æ·~¼Ð·Ç¡A¤¤°ê«Ø¿v¤u·~¥Xª©ªÀ¡A¥_¨Ê¡A1996¡C)
[English translation][Another
version]
-
Energy Conservation Design
Standard on Building Envelope and Air Conditioning for Tourist Hotels,
GB 50189-93, National Standard of PRC, China Planning Press, Beijing.
(¡m®È´å®ÈÀ]«Ø¿v¼ö¤u»PªÅ®ð½Õ¸`¸`¯à³]p¼Ð·Ç
GB 50189-93¡n¡A¤¤µØ¤H¥Á¦@©M°ê°ê®a¼Ð·Ç¡A¤¤°êp¹º¥Xª©ªÀ¡A¥_¨Ê¡A1993¡C)
[English translation]
[¤¤
597.9385 08]
-
Energy Conservation Design
Standard for New Heating Residential Buildings, JGJ 26-86 (Trial implementation),
Industrial Standard of PRC, China Architecture & Building Press, Beijing.
(¡m¥Á¥Î«Ø¿v¸`¯à³]p¼Ð·Ç(±Ä·x©~¦í«Ø¿v³¡¥÷)
JGJ 26-86 (¸Õ¦æ)¡n¡A¤¤µØ¤H¥Á¦@©M°ê¦æ·~¼Ð·Ç¡A¤¤°ê«Ø¿v¤u·~¥Xª©ªÀ¡A¥_¨Ê¡A1986¡C)
-
Related construction standards:
-
Thermal Design Code for Civil
Building, GB 50176-93, National Standard of PRC, China Planning Press,
Beijing. (¡m¥Á¥Î«Ø¿v¼ö¤u³]p³W½dGB
50176-93¡n¡A¤¤µØ¤H¥Á¦@©M°ê°ê®a¼Ð·Ç¡A¤¤°êp¹º¥Xª©ªÀ¡A¥_¨Ê¡A1993¡C)
-
Lighting Design Code for
Civil Building, GB 133-90, National Standard of PRC, China Planning
Press, Beijing. (¡m¥Á¥Î«Ø¿v·Ó©ú³]p¼Ð·Ç
GBJ133-90¡n¡A¤¤µØ¤H¥Á¦@©M°ê°ê®a¼Ð·Ç¡A¤¤°êp¹º¥Xª©ªÀ¡A¥_¨Ê¡A1991¡C)
[¤¤
929.28 77]
-
Design Code for Heating,
Ventilating and Air Conditioning, GBJ 19-87, National Standard of PRC,
China Planning Press, Beijing. (¡m±Ä·x³q·»PªÅ®ð½Õ¸`³]p³W½d
GBJ 19-87¡n¡A¤¤µØ¤H¥Á¦@©M°ê°ê®a¼Ð·Ç¡A¤¤°êp¹º¥Xª©ªÀ¡A¥_¨Ê¡A1989¡C)
-
Design Code for Tourist Hotels,
JGJ 62-90, Industrial Standard of PRC, China Architecture & Building
Press, Beijing. (¡m®ÈÀ]«Ø¿v³]p³W½dJGJ
62-90¡n¡A¤¤µØ¤H¥Á¦@©M°ê¦æ·~¼Ð·Ç¡A¤¤°ê«Ø¿v¤u·~¥Xª©ªÀ¡A¥_¨Ê¡A1990¡C)
To understand the background,
it is advisable to study the Energy Conservation Law and related policies
in China:
Web Links:
International
Australia
-
Associations
-
Government Bodies
-
Laws & Regulations
-
Projects & Programmes
-
Research
-
Resources
Austria
Brunei Darussalam
Canada
-
Associations
-
Education
-
Government Bodies
-
Laws & Regulations
-
Programmes
-
Research
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Indonesia
-
Companies
-
Government Bodies
Jamaica
-
Associations
-
Companies
-
Laws & Regulations
-
Government Bodies
Japan
-
Associations
-
Government Bodies
-
Laws & Regulations
Korea
-
Associations
-
Companies
-
Government Bodies
-
Laws & Regulations
-
Research
-
Resources
Malaysia
-
Companies
-
Energy Consultants
-
Electricity
-
Oil and Gas
-
Education
-
Government Bodies
-
Laws, Regulations & Guidelines
-
Guidelines for Energy Efficiency
in Buildings, Ministry of Energy, Telecommunications and Posts, Malaysia,
1989. [P 696.09595
G9]
-
Energy
Laws
-
Electricity Supply Act 1990
- Act 447
-
Electricity Supply (Amendment)
Act 2001 - Act A1116
-
Electricity Supply (Successor
Company) Act 1990 - Act 448
-
Lembaga Letrik Sabah Act 1983
- Act 278
-
Lembaga Letrik Sabah (Amendment)
Act 2001 - Act A1127
-
Energy Commission Act 2001 -
Act 601
-
Industry
Policies
-
Programmes/Projects
-
Research
-
Pusat
Tenaga Malaysia (PTM) (or Malaysia Energy Centre)
-
Energy Data Modelling &
Consultancy Services Unit (EDMC)
-
Energy Efficiency Outreach Services
Unit (EEOS)
-
Emerging Energy Technology R&D
Management Services Unit (EERND)
-
Petronas Research Scientific
Services Sdn. Bhd. (PRSS)
-
SIRIM Bhd. (SIRIM)
-
TNB Research Sdn. Bhd.
Netherlands
New Zealand
-
Associations
-
Government Bodies
-
Laws & Regulations
-
The Building Act 1991 and Amendments
[online]
-
The Building Regulations 1992
and Amendments
-
The Approved Documents
-
Standards
New Zealand
-
NZS 4218: 1996 - Energy Efficiency
- Housing and small building envelope
-
NZS 4305: 1996 - Energy Efficiency
- Domestic Type Hot Water Systems
-
NZS 4243: 1996 - Energy Efficiency
- Large buildings
-
NZS 4220: 1982 - Code of Practice
for Energy Conservation in Non-residential Buildings
-
Research
Norway
Philippines
-
Companies
-
Government Bodies
-
Laws & Regulations
-
Research
Poland
Russian Federation
-
Laws & Regulations
-
Research
-
Resources
Singapore
-
Associations
-
Companies
-
Education
-
Government Bodies
-
Laws, Regulations & Standards
-
District
Cooling Act 2001
-
Electricity
Act 2001
-
Energy
Market Authority of Singapore Act 2001
-
Gas
Act 2001
-
Handbook on Energy Conservation
in Buildings and Building Services, 1986 edition, Building and Construction
Authority, the Developemnt & Building Control Division, P.W.D., Singapore,
1986.
-
National
Resources Aspects of Sustainable Development in Singapore - Energy
-
Regulations
& Guidelines For Total Building Performance
-
Revised
Code of Practice for Energy Efficiency
-
SS CP 13: 1999, Code of Practice
for Mechanical Ventilation and Air-conditioning in Buildings
-
SS CP 24: 1999, Code of Practice
for Energy Efficiency Standard for Building Services and Equipment
-
SPIB, 1999. Code of Practice
for Energy Efficiency Standard for Building Services and Equipment,
Singapore Standard CP24: 1999, Standards, Productivity & Innovation
Board (SPIB), Singapore. [on
order]
-
SS CP 38: 1999, Code of Practice
for Artificial Lighting in Buildings
-
Programmes and Policies
-
Tax
Incentive Schemes
-
One-year Accelerated Depreciation
Allowance for Energy-efficient equipment and Technology
-
One-year Accelerated Depreciation
Allowance for Highly Efficient Pollution Control Equipment
-
Research
-
Resoucres
Slovakia
Spain
-
Government Bodies
-
Laws, Regulations & Standards
South Africa
Sri Lanka
-
Government Bodies
-
Laws, Regulations & Guidelines
-
Projects & Programmes
Sweden
Taiwan
-
Associations
-
Government Bodies
-
Journals/Magazines
-
Laws, Regulations & Standards
-
Projects/Programmes
-
Research
-
Resources
Thailand
-
Government Bodies
-
Laws, Regulations & Standards
-
Research
-
Resources
UK
-
Associations
-
Government Bodies
-
Laws, Regulations & Standards
-
Building Regulation Part L:
Conservation of fuel and power (1995 Edition) (with Amendments 2000) [Building
Regulations documents]
-
British
Standards Institution (BSi)
-
British Standard 8207: 1985,
Code of Practice for Energy Efficiency in Buildings, British Standards
Institution.
-
Energy Design Guide: Design
Guide to BS8207: 1985, British Standards Code of Practice for Energy Efficiency
in Buildings, British Standards Institution.
-
British Standard 8211: 1988
(1995), Energy Efficiency in Housing: Part 1 - Code of Practice for Energy
Efficient Refurbishment of Housing, British Standards Institution.
-
Chartered
Institution of Building Services Engineers (CIBSE)
-
CIBSE, 1999. CIBSE Building
Energy Code 1: Energy Demands and Targets for Heated and Ventilated Buildings,
Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers, London. [in
process]
-
CIBSE, 1999. CIBSE Building
Energy Code 2: Energy Demands for Air Conditioned Buildings, Chartered
Institution of Building Services Engineers, London. [in
process]
-
CIBSE, 1998. Energy Efficiency
in Buildings: CIBSE Guide, Chartered Institution of Building Services
Engineers, London. [LB
696 E56 C4i ]
-
CIBS, 1977. CIBS Building
Energy Code, Part 1-4, Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers,
London. [P
696 C48 pt.1-4]
-
Part 1 - Guidance towards Energy
Conserving Design of Building and Services (1977)
-
Part 2 - Calculation of Energy
Demands and Targets for the Design of New Buildings and Services
-
Section (a) Heated and Naturally
Ventilated Buildings (1981)
-
Part 3 - Guidance towards Energy
Conserving Operation of Buildings and Services (1979)
-
Part 4 - Measurements of Energy
Consumption and Comparison with Targets for Existing Buildings and Services
(1982)
-
Research
USA
-
Associations
-
Companies
-
Government Bodies
-
Laws, Regulations & Standards
-
Model Codes
-
ASHRAE Standard 90 series [ASHRAE]
-
ASHRAE, 2001. ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA
Standard 90.1-2001, Energy Standard for Buildings Except Low-rise Residential
Buildings, American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning
Engineers, Atlanta, GA. [697.00218
A82 S78]
-
ASHRAE, 2001. ASHRAE Standard
90.2-2001: Energy-efficient Design of New Low-rise Residential Buildings,
American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers,
Atlanta, GA. [697.00218
A82 S78 #90.2(2001)]
-
ASHRAE, 2000. Standard 90.1-1999
- Energy Standard for Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings,
User's Manual, American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning
Engineers, Atlanta, Georgia.
-
ASHRAE, 1999. ASHRAE/IESNA
Standard 90.1-1999, Energy Standard for Buildings Except Low-rise Residential
Buildings, American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning
Engineers, Atlanta, GA.
-
ASHRAE, 1995. ASHRAE Standard
100-1995, Energy Conservation in Existing Buildings, American Society
of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Atlanta, GA.
[697.00218
A82 S78 #100(1995)]
-
ASHRAE, 1995. Energy Code
for New Low-rise Residential Buildings: Codification of ASHRAE 90.2-1993,
Energy Efficient Design of New Low-rise Residential Buildings, American
Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Atlanta,
GA. [696.021873
E5 Ac]
-
ASHRAE, 1993. ASHRAE Standard
90.2-1993: Energy-efficient Design of New Low-rise Residential Buildings,
American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers,
Atlanta, GA. [on
order]
-
ASHRAE, 1993b. ASHRAE Standard
90.2-1993 User's Manual, American Society of Heating, Refrigerating
and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Atlanta, Georgia.
-
ASHRAE, 1993. Energy Code
for Commercial and High-rise Residential Buildings, American Society
of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Atlanta, GA.
[696.021873
E5]
-
ASHRAE, 1992. ASHRAE/IES
Standard 90.1-1989 User's Manual, American Society of Heating, Refrigerating
and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Atlanta, GA.
-
ASHRAE, 1989. ASHRAE/IES
Standard 90.1-1989, Energy Efficient Design of New Buildings except Low-rise
Residential Buildings, American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and
Air-Conditioning Engineers, Atlanta, GA. [697
E56 e]
-
ASHRAE, 1980. ANSI/ASHRAE/IES
Standard 90A-1980, Energy Conservation in New Building Design, American
Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Atlanta,
GA. [697.00218
A82 S78 ]
-
ASHRAE, 1975. ASHRAE Standard
90-1975, Energy Conservation in New Building Design, American Society
of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Atlanta, GA.
[697.00218
A82 S78 ]
-
ASHRAE/IESNA
90.1-1999 update: 90.1 Ways to Save Energy
-
EnvStd 4.0 software [Eley
Associates][ASHRAE]
-
Lighting
Power Density (LPD) Models
-
Seminar
on ASHRAE/IESNA 90.1-1999
-
Other related ASHRAE Standards
& Guidelines
-
ASHRAE/ASNI Standard 55-1992
- Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy [R
697.00218 A82 S78]
-
ASHRAE Standard 62-2001 - Ventilation
for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality [697.9021873
V4]
-
ASHRAE/ASNI Standard 100-1995
- Energy Conservation in Existing Buildings [696.021873
E5 A]
-
ASHRAE/ANSI Standard 105-1984
(RA 99) - Standard Methods of Measuring and Expressing Building Energy
Performance [R
697.00218 A82 S78]
-
ASHRAE/ANSI Standard 140-2001
- Standard Method of Test for the Evaluation of Building Energy Analysis
Computer Programs [on
order]
-
ASHRAE Guideline 18, Design
Guidance for Energy Efficient Buildings (under preparation)
-
International Energy Conservation
Code (IECC) [International Code Council
(ICC)]
-
Model Energy Code (MEC) (now
replaced by IECC)
-
Resources
-
Research
-
Individual States
-
Alabama
-
Alaska
-
Arizona
-
Arkansas
-
California
-
Colorado
-
Connecticut
-
Florida
-
Guam and American Samoa
-
Georgia
-
Hawaii
-
Idaho
-
Indiana
-
Illinois
-
Iowa
-
Kansas
-
Kentucky
-
Louisiana
-
Maine
-
Maryland
-
Massachusetts
-
Michigan
-
Minnesota
-
Mississippi
-
Missouri
-
Montana
-
Nebraska
-
Nevada
-
New Hampshire
-
New Mexico
-
New York
-
North Dakota
-
Ohio
-
Oregon
-
Pennsylvania
-
Rhode Island
-
South Carolina
-
Texas
-
Utah
-
Vermont
-
Virginia
-
Washington. DC
-
West Virginia
-
Wisconsin
-
Wyoming
Uzbekistan
Vietnam
Selected Publications
-
Hui, S. C. M., 2003. Energy
efficiency and environmental assessment for buildings in Hong Kong, invited
paper presented at the MECM LEO Seminar - Advances on Energy Efficiency
and Sustainability in Buildings, 21-22 January 2003, Palace of the
Golden Horses, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. [PDF]
-
Hui, S. C. M., 2002. Development
of performance-based building energy codes, Energy Efficiency in Buildings,
Issue No. 40, 2002, pp. 21-29. (In Chinese) [PDF]
-
Hui, S. C. M., 2002. Opportunities
and challenges of energy performance contracting to improve existing buildings
in Hong Kong, In Proc. of the Joint Symposium 2002: Achieving Sustainable
Performance in Built Environment, 19 November 2002, Shangri-la Hotel,
Kowloon, Hong Kong, HKIE BS Division/CIBSE/ASHRAE/PolyU. [PDF]
-
Hui, S. C. M., 2002. Environmental
sustainability assessment of buildings using requirements in building energy
codes, In Proc. of the Sustainable Building 2002 International Conference,
23-25 September 2002, Oslo, Norway. [PDF]
-
Hui, S. C. M., 2002. Using performance-based
approach in building energy standards and codes, In Proc. of the Chonqing-Hong
Kong Joint Symposium 2002, 8-10 July 2002, Chongqing, China, pp. A52-61.
(in English with a Chinese abstract) [PDF]
-
Hui, S. C. M., 2002. Review
of Worldwide Application of Performance-Based Building Energy Codes,
Report for the Consultancy Study for Developing a Performance-Based Building
Energy Code Using Total-Energy-Budget Approach, Parsons Brinckerhoff (Asia)
Ltd., Hong Kong.
-
Hui, S. C. M., 2000. Building
energy efficiency standards in Hong Kong and mainland China, In Proc.
of the 2000 ACEEE Summer Study on Energy Efficiency in Buildings, 20-25
August 2000, Pacific Grove, California. [PDF]
-
Hui, S. C. M., 2000. Energy
efficient buildings and air-conditioning in Hong Kong, In Proc. of the
Nanjing- Hong Kong HVAC Seminar 2000, 21-24 May 2000, Nanjing, pp.
1.25-1.32. (in Chinese with an English abstract) [HTML]
-
Hui, S.C. M., 1999. Recent developments
and analysis in energy efficiency in buildings in Hong Kong,
Energy
Efficiency in Buildings, 1999 (1): 6-10. (In Chinese) [PDF]
-
Hui, S. C. M., 1998. Building
energy efficiency standards for subtropical climates, In Li, Jiancheng,
et al. (eds.), Architectural Design and Technologies for Pan-subtropical
Climates, South China University of Technology Press, Guangzhou, Novermber
1998, pp. 139-144. (in Chinese with an English abstract) [HTML]
-
Hui, S. C. M., 1998. Latest
development and analysis of building energy efficiency in Hong Kong, paper
presented at the Annual Meeting of the China Building Energy Efficiency
Association, 10-12 November 1998, Tianjin, China, 7 pages. (in Chinese)
[HTML]
-
Hui, S. C. M. and K. P. Cheung,
1998. Macroscopic analysis of building energy efficiency standards, Energy
Efficiency in Buildings, 1998 (1): 32-36. (in Chinese) [PDF][HTML]
-
Hui, S. C. M., 1997. Overall
thermal transfer value (OTTV): how to improve its control in Hong Kong,
In Proc. of the One-day Symposium on Building, Energy and Environment,
16 October 1997, Shangri-la Hotel, Kowloon, Hong Kong, HKIE BS Division/CIBSE/ASHRAE/PolyU,
pp. 12-1 to 12-11. [PDF]
-
Hui, S. C. M., 1997. A study
of building energy efficiency and engineering construction standards, In
Proc.
of the Mainland-Hong Kong Engineering & Construction Standards Exchange
Seminar (Hong Kong Section), 14-15 April 1997, Beijing, PRC, pp. 22.1-22.10.
(in Chinese with an English abstract) [HTML]
[PDF (English)]
-
Lam, J. C. and Hui, S. C. M.,
1996. A review of building energy standards and implications for Hong Kong,
Building
Research and Information, 24 (3): 131-140. [PDF]
-
Hui, C. M., 1996. Energy
Performance of Air-conditioned Buildings in Hong Kong, Chapter 3, PhD
Thesis, City University of Hong Kong. [PDF]
-
Lam, J. C., Hui, S. C. M. and
Yuen, K. S. Y., 1994. Overall thermal transfer value calculation for buildings
in Hong Kong, Australian Institute of Building Research Papers,
5 (1994): 145-156.
-
Lam, J. C., Hui, S. C. M. and
Chan, A. L. S., 1993. Overall thermal transfer value control of building
envelope design part 2 - OTTV parameters,
Hong Kong Engineer, 21
(9): 40-44, September. [PDF]
-
Lam, J. C., Hui, S. C. M. and
Chan, A. L. S., 1993. Overall thermal transfer value control of building
envelope design part 1 - OTTV limits,
Hong Kong Engineer, 21 (8):
27-31, August. [PDF]
-
Hui, S. C. M. and Lam, J. C.,
1991. Overall thermal transfer value (OTTV) - a review, Hong Kong Engineer,
19 (9): 26-32, September. [PDF]
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| Created: Jun 1996 | Updated: 14 May 2003 | By Sam C M Hui (cmhui@hku.hk)
|